Toyota’s new 2.8-litre D-4D turbodiesel engine, launching in Europe in the Land Cruiser this summer, has a new design and technology to achieve much higher fuel efficiency, lower emissions and quieter operation.
The engine (1GD-FTV) is the first in the world to benefit from ‘Thermo Swing Wall Insulation Technology’ making it one of the most thermally efficient on the market, Toyota claims; its thermal efficiency rating is 44%.
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Although it is smaller than the three litre engine it replaces, it offers 25% more torque. There is also 11% more torque available at low revs, and a claimed 15% improvement in fuel economy.
The engine is already in new Far Eastern market versions of the Hilux pickup truck line. The engine group will also include a new 2.4-litre direct injection turbodiesel (2GD-FTV).
In testing, the new engines have proven their high thermal efficiency, quiet operation and powerful performance in worldwide locations, including extremely cold environments, where temperatures can fall to -40°C, and at high altitudes above 4,500 metres, the automaker said.
Toyota has also been able to make the engine catalyst 30% smaller and has reduced the number of exhaust layouts from 18 to just three, simplifying the engines’ deployment worldwide and reducing environmental burden.
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By GlobalDataKey to the performance of the new engines is the claimed world first application of Thermo Swing Wall Insulation Technology, together with a SiRPA (a silica-reinforced porous, anodised aluminium coating) on the pistons – reducing the cooling loss during combustion by about 30%. SiRPA’s high insulation and dissipation qualities make it easy to heat and to cool.
The air intake port has been shaped to allow a significant increase in the amount of airflow into the cylinders; the piston combustion chamber shape has been revised; and the common rail fuel injection system allows for more advanced pressure control and injection optimisation. Air consumption is maximised which enables high thermal efficiency and low emissions to be achieved.
Precise pilot injection, matching the state of the ambient air, takes place ahead of the main injection to shorten ignition delay. This means stable combustion is achieved, even in harsh environments, together with quiet running and high thermal efficiency.
The GD engines use a new turbocharger that is 30% smaller than its predecessor. Produced in house by Toyota, it has a new turbine that improves efficiency and a new impeller that gives instantaneous throttle response and allows maximum torque to be obtained over a wide engine speed range.
Using Toyota’s proprietary, compact, high-dispersion urea selective catalyst reduction system eliminates up to 99% of NOx emissions, helping the engine conform to Euro 6 and other international emissions standards.
The current KD family of engines will be phased out gradually and replaced with the new GD units, By 2016, production will reach about 700,000 units a year, for sale in around 90 markets. Toyota aims to increase this to at least 150 by 2020.
