Engine emissions researchers at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio,
Texas, are forming a consortium to examine how technologies aimed at reducing
oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from diesel engines affect the emissions of particulate
matter (PM).
Titled, "The Effect of Emission Control Technologies on the Chemical and
Physical Properties of Diesel Particulate," the new consortium will research
the impact of various current as well as novel NOx and PM control technologies
on the chemical and physical characteristics of particles emitted from diesels.
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Emphasis will be placed on in-cylinder methods as well as post-combustion emissions
reduction devices. For NOx reduction, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and water
emulsions will be among methods considered.
In addition, lean NOx traps (NOx absorbers) and selective catalytic reduction
(SCR) systems with urea are included in the test matrix. For PM control, diesel
oxidation catalysts (DOC) in combination with diesel particulate filters (DPF)
will be included. The end result of combining these post-combustion systems
together with in-cylinder controls is to achieve NOx/PM emission levels that
approach those proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for
2007.
The scope of work will include a detailed gaseous and PM chemical and physical
characterisation for a production engine. This work will not be limited to regulated
emissions (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, NOx, and total PM), but will include
a substantial list of unregulated emissions. From the chemical standpoint, the
program will address soluble and insoluble fractions, sulphate and retained
water, aldehydes and ketones, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, cyanide, ammonia,
nitrous oxide, hydrogen sulphide, trace metals, and hydrocarbon speciation.
As for the physical characteristics of PM, a complete and thorough analysis
of ultrafine and nanoparticle distribution will be conducted. This analysis
will focus on particle count and size using specialised equipment such as the
scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI),
micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI), and others, for both steady-state
as well as transient engine operation.
This consortium will benefit engine manufacturers, petroleum companies, and
catalyst and emission control manufacturers.
To view related research reports, please follow the links Diesel |
